Suchergebnisse

O tratamento combinado de lixiviado de aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos em uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos Sanitários (ETE) é um procedimento que tem sido aplicado para minimizar os custos de implementação e operação de um aterro sanitário. Neste trabalho, o tratamento combinado de lixiviado oriundo do Aterro do Morro do Céu, Niterói, RJ, com esgoto doméstico, oriundo da ETE Icaraí, em diferentes proporções (0, 0,5, 2,0 e 5,0 %) foi realizado. Esta ETE apresenta um tratamento físico-químico e posterior lançamento em emissário submarino, dessa maneira o presente trabalho simulou o tratamento físico-químico realizado na ETE. Os coagulantes utilizados foram o cloreto férrico, sulfato de alumínio, Tanfloc SG, Tanfloc SL e Panfloc Hiper Plus® em diferentes concentrações (20, 40 e 60 mg L-1). Em alguns ensaios, polieletrólitos foram adicionados como auxiliares de floculação, em concentrações de 0,5 e 1,0 mg L-1. A análise estatística de remoções de DQO mostrou que Tanfloc SG obteve os melhores resultados do que os outros coagulantes em todas as condições estudadas, sem necessidade de adição de polieletrólitos. Os testes de toxicidade foram conduzidos com a mistura de 5,0 % de lixiviado em esgoto bruto e na mistura tratada com Tanfloc SG. Os resultados indicaram que a toxicidade das amostras é inferior ao limite estabelecido pela legislação em vigor no Rio de Janeiro (NT-213, INEA). ; The combined treatment of leachate from urban solid waste landfills in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWTP) minimizes the implementation and operation costs of a landfill. This work investigated the combined treatment of the leachate from Morro do Céu Landfill in Niterói, RJ and sewage samples from Icaraí MWTP with different proportions (0, 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 %). This MWTP features a physical chemical treatment followed by expulsion through a submarine emissary, and so the physical chemical treatment was simulated. The coagulants used were ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, Tanfloc SG, Tanfloc SL and Panfloc™ Hiper Plus in different concentrations (20, 40 and 60 mg L-1). During testing, polyelectrolytes in concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 were added in some samples to stimulate flocculation. The statistical analysis of COD removals showed that Tanfloc SG achieved better results than the other coagulants in all conditions studied, without requiring the addition of polyelectrolytes. Toxicity tests were performed on the raw sewage with a mixture of 5.0 % of landfill leachate and in the mixture treated with Tanfloc SG. The results indicated that the toxicity of the samples is lower than the limit established by current Rio de Janeiro State legislation (NT-213, INEA). ; The combined treatment of leachate from urban solid waste landfills in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWTP) minimizes the implementation and operation costs of a landfill. This work investigated the combined treatment of the leachate from Morro do Céu Landfill in Niterói, RJ and sewage samples from Icaraí MWTP with different proportions (0, 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 %). This MWTP features a physical chemical treatment followed by expulsion through a submarine emissary, and so the physical chemical treatment was simulated. The coagulants used were ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, Tanfloc SG, Tanfloc SL and Panfloc™ Hiper Plus in different concentrations (20, 40 and 60 mg L-1). During testing, polyelectrolytes in concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 were added in some samples to stimulate flocculation. The statistical analysis of COD removals showed that Tanfloc SG achieved better results than the other coagulants in all conditions studied, without requiring the addition of polyelectrolytes. Toxicity tests were performed on the raw sewage with a mixture of 5.0 % of landfill leachate and in the mixture treated with Tanfloc SG. The results indicated that the toxicity of the samples is lower than the limit established by current Rio de Janeiro State legislation (NT-213, INEA).

This study evaluates the rainwater harvesting system to determine the chemical quality of the water and allocate it for use. Samples were collected in the city of Rio de Janeiro at the points of Direct Precipitation (DP), First Flush (FF) and Reservoir (RR). The methodology involved carrying out an analysis of Ca, Cd, Cu, Na, Ni, Fe, K, Mg, Pb, Zn, conductivity, turbidity, pH and chloride. The R language was used for the principal component analysis, Pearson coefficient correlation, hierarchical cluster analysis, Tukey test and boxplot. The results show that when there is no interference from the catchment surface (DP), the rainwater has a low concentration of metals, although the first millimeters of rain have a concentration above what is permissible in the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health (Ordinance n° 05/2017). The disposal system (FF) reduced the concentration of pollutants in the RR, but not enough to comply with legislation. It was noted that Ca, K and Na are the main metals found in rainwater. During the dry period, there were significant correlations between the physico-chemical and meteorological parameters. The high concentration of metals in the wet period suggests that rain assists the cleaning of the atmosphere and that most metals are present in the form of aerosols or fine particles suspended in the air. The findings reveal significant indications of acid rain and pre-treatment is recommended to ensure rainwater can be used safely for more mundane purposes. ; This study evaluates the rainwater harvesting system to determine the chemical quality of the water and allocate it for use. Samples were collected in the city of Rio de Janeiro at the points of Direct Precipitation (DP), First Flush (FF) and Reservoir (RR). The methodology involved carrying out an analysis of Ca, Cd, Cu, Na, Ni, Fe, K, Mg, Pb, Zn, conductivity, turbidity, pH and chloride. The R language was used for the principal component analysis, Pearson coefficient correlation, hierarchical cluster analysis, Tukey test and boxplot. The results show that when there is no interference from the catchment surface (DP), the rainwater has a low concentration of metals, although the first millimeters of rain have a concentration above what is permissible in the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health (Ordinance n° 05/2017). The disposal system (FF) reduced the concentration of pollutants in the RR, but not enough to comply with legislation. It was noted that Ca, K and Na are the main metals found in rainwater. During the dry period, there were significant correlations between the physico-chemical and meteorological parameters. The high concentration of metals in the wet period suggests that rain assists the cleaning of the atmosphere and that most metals are present in the form of aerosols or fine particles suspended in the air. The findings reveal significant indications of acid rain and pre-treatment is recommended to ensure rainwater can be used safely for more mundane purposes. ; Este estudo avalia o sistema de captação de água da chuva para verificar a qualidade química da água e alocá-la para uso. As amostras foram coletadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, na Precipitação Direta (DP), First Flush (FF) e Reservatório (RR). A metodologia consiste em análises de Ca, Cd, Cu, Na, Ni, Fe, K, Mg, Pb, Zn, condutividade, turbidez, pH e cloreto. A linguagem R foi utilizada através da análise de componentes principais, correlação linear de Pearson, análise hierárquica de agrupamentos, teste de Tukey e boxplot. Os resultados indicam que a água da chuva sem interferência da superfície de captação (PD) apresenta baixa concentração de metais, porém os primeiros milímetros de chuva apresentam uma concentração acima da permitida pela Portaria nº 05/2017 do Ministério da Saúde. O sistema de descarte (FF) reduziu a concentração dos poluentes no RR, mas não o suficiente para atender a legislação. Observou-se que Ca, K e Na são os principais metais encontrados na água da chuva. O período seco apresentou correlações significativas entre os parâmetros físico-químicos e meteorológicos. A alta concentração de metais no período úmido indica que a chuva promove a limpeza da atmosfera e que a maioria dos metais está presente na forma de aerossóis e em partículas finas suspensas no ar. Os resultados indicam características de chuva ácida e sugere-se o pré-tratamento da água da chuva para uso com segurança em fins menos nobres.